Chronic kidney disease is a significant growing health problem, with prevalence of 9.1%–13.4% of the population worldwide. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in people with chronic kidney disease. The incidence of chronic kidney disease in patients with cancer is higher than in the non-cancer population and is associated with reduced cancer survival. Chronic kidney disease can complicate cancer treatment due to impaired kidney function, which affects drug metabolism and clearance. Chemotherapy drugs and other medications may need to be adjusted to minimize the risk of toxicity and maintain efficacy. Managing cancer in patients with kidney disease, including those undergoing dialysis, requires a sensitive approach due to the impact of both conditions. In this review, we aim to highlight the crucial role of multidisciplinary approach that requires a strict comprehensive understanding of treatment options to provide optimal care and improve patient outcomes.